Abstract

Recent research in intelligent systems has discussed the characteristics of autonomous systems. This same work has evaluated automated systems in terms of the understanding of autonomy. This situation has led to confusion of automation technology and autonomous agents. In this talk, I will differentiate the concepts of automation and autonomy with a new framework of agents. The framework is complemented by observations on characteristics of automated vs. autonomous systems, identification of error and failure modes, and formulation of a matrix of design constraints dictating possible applications of each type of agent. I will also discuss levels of system automation along with types of autonomy. A definition of autonomy will be mutated throughout the talk to a form with utility for engineering. The main findings of this research are that demands of automated agents on the human-task-environment system should be absent from design of autonomous agents and design of automated systems is always automation-centric despite best efforts at human-centered approaches. In addition, the key requirements for design of autonomy include: agent viability in a target context, agent self-governance in goal formulation and fulfilment of roles, and independence in defined tasks performance.